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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
World-Wide Web
(WWW, W3, The Web) An Internet
client-server hypertext distributed information retrieval
system.
Basically, the web consists of documents or web pages in HTML
format (a kind of hypertext), each of which has a unique URL
or "web address". Links in a page are URLs of other pages which
may be part of the same website or a page on another site on a
different web server anywhere on the Internet.
As well as HTML pages, a URL may refer to an image, some code
(JavaScript or Java), CSS, a video stream or other kind of
object. The vast majority of URLs start with "http://",
indicating that the page needs to be fetched using the HTTP
protocol. Other possibile "schemes" are HTTPS, which
encrypts the request and the resulting page or FTP, the
original protocol for transferring files over the Internet.
RTSP is a streaming protocol that allow a continuous feed of
audio or video from the server to the browser. Gopher was a
predecessor of HTTP and Telnet starts an interactive
command-line session with a remote server.
The web is accessed using a client program known as a {web
browser} that runs on the user's computer. The browser fetches and
displays pages and allows the user to follow links by clicking
on them (or similar action) and to input queries to the server. A
variety of browsers are freely available, e.g. {Internet
Explorer}, Google Chrome, Safari. Early examples were NCSA
Mosaic and Netscape Navigator.
Queries can be entered into "forms" which allow the user to enter
arbitrary text and select options from customisable menus and
other controls. The server processes each request - either a
simple URL or data from a form - and returns a response, typically
a page of HTML.
The World-Wide Web originated from the CERN High-Energy Physics
laboratories in Geneva, Switzerland. In the early 1990s, the
developers at CERN spread word of the Web's capabilities to
scientific and academic audiences worldwide. By September 1993,
the share of Web traffic traversing the NSFNET Internet
backbone reached 75 gigabytes per month or one percent. By
July 1994 it was one terabyte per month.
The World Wide Web Consortium is the main standards body for
the web.
Following the widespread availability of web browsers and servers
from about 1995, many companies realised they could use the same
software and protocols on their own private internal TCP/IP
networks giving rise to the term "intranet".
This dictionary is accessible via the Web at
http://foldoc.org/. If you are reading a plain text version
of this dictionary then you will see lots of curly brackets and
strings like
http://hostname/here/there/page.html.
These are transformed into hypertext links when you access it
via the Web.
{An article by John December
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/cmc/mag/1994/oct/webip.html)}.
W3 servers, clients and tools http://w3.org/Status.html.
(2014-08-23)